Duplicate content is a between pages concept.
Penalties
There are no penalties associated with duplicate content.
You can have the same content on every page on your website, and it's simply treated as if it's not there.
Thin content
Because duplicate content is treated as if it's not there, only unique content to that page is counted. This can result in "thin content", where the algorithm may decide there's not enough content to cover the topic on the page.
This doesn't mean you should be stuffing the post with irrelevant content - there is no "correct content length" and putting topically irrelevant content on the page only lowers it's quality, not helps it.
The content should be long enough to adequately cover how to make the recipe, and this varies from recipe to recipe.
Images
Images count as duplicate content as well, and get treated as if they're not there on posts.
This means a post with images copied from another post will be treated as if it has no images, which is a poor user experience.
User experience
Part of the Recipe Post Template contains sections for storage, freezing and re-heating instructions. This will be similar (or identical) on many recipes, and that's fine.
While Google won't count this towards the unique content for that page, it can still be extremely beneficial to users to have these instructions. Even though you might take your knowledge for granted, a huge percentage of your readers won't know how to handle these things.
If the duplicate content is good for your readers, then feel free to include it.
Extreme cases
On sites with content that are entirely copied from other sites, or where the majority of the content is duplicated between pages, there can be algorithmic penalties.
This is simply because Google will factor in the overall quality of a site, and a site with high duplicate content (thin content) will simply be a poor user experience for searchers.
Unless you're intentionally stealing content from other sites, you shouldn't have to worry about this.